438 Index

FRET-​FCS 135

Fröhlich condensate 193, 424

fruit fly see Drosophila

FT see Fourier transform

FTIR see Fourier transform infrared

spectrometer

functional imaging 5, 305–​6

Gabor hologram 166, 170

gamma rays 195–​8, 305–​6, 309

gating optical intensifier 101

Gaussian chain 256–​7, 341, 344

Gaussian polymer coil see Gaussian chain

Geiger counter 196–​7

gel electrophoresis 244–​6, 251, 365, 407,

418

generalized born approximation 330

genes 17, 19, 34, 37–​9, 45–​8, 56, 84, 117,

192, 230, 268, 270–​1, 273–​9, 353,

396–​7, 400, 405, 407, 412, 414

genotype 296, 330, 397, 419

geometrical light scattering 140–​1

geonavigation 424

Gillespie algorithm 400–​1

gliding 217, 365

glutaraldehyde 164

Goldman equation 246

GPUs 334, 336–​7

Granocentric model 383

gray goo see nanobots

GROMACS 334

ground state depletion 120

Guinier model 146

gyromagnetic ratio 183

Hagen–​Poiseuille flow see Poiseuille flow

Hahn echo see spin-​echo

half potential 323

Hamaker constant 235

hamiltonian operator 326

hard x-​rays 174, 176

Hartree–​Fock approximations 326

HeLa cells see immortal cells

Hertz model 232

HF see Hartree–​Fock approximations

hidden Markov model see HMM

high performance computing see

supercomputing

high-​speed spinning disk confocal

microscopy 98, 135

high-​throughput techniques 287–​301

Hill equation 337

HILO see oblique epifluorescence

HIO algorithm 177

HMC 77

HMM 120

Hoffmann modulation contrast

microscopy see HMC

holographic optical traps 215

homeostasis 42, 381, 395, 411

Hooke’s law 243, 346–​7, 382

human embryonic kidney cells see

immortal cells

hydration layer see solvation shell

hydration pockets 330

hydration shell see solvation shell

hydraulic radius 294

hydrodynamic radius see stokes radius

hydrodynamics see rheology

hybrid classical and quantum mechanical

methods see QM/​MM

hybrid QM/​MM see QM/​MM

hydrogels 350, 427

hydrophobic forces 50, 87, 164, 221, 250

hyperfine interactions 186

hyperspectral imaging152

hyperspace 370

ICCD see intensified CCD

ideal chain limit 345

Ig see immunoglobulin

image classes 370

image denoising 368

image segmentation 369–​70

immortal cells 272

immune system 267

immunogenic 268–​9, 419–​20

immunoglobulin 237, 267

immunostaining 165–​6

impalefection 275

implicit solvent 330–​2, 334, 388

in silico drug design 316, 333, 416, 421

inelastic scattering 62, 141, 150, 152–​4,

166, 178, 224

inner filter effect 65

insertion mutant 276

integrationist 396

intensified CCD 73

intensity centroid 114, 118, 125, 216,

371

interaction energy 337–​9

interchangeable parts 404

interfacial free energy 285

interference filter 79

interferometric light scattering

microscopy 149

internal conversion 64, 80

intersystem crossing 64, 80

ion trap 227

ionic strength 206, 221, 226, 282, 296, 321,

350, 407, 428

IPTG 278–​9, 311

IR imaging 308

IR spectroscopy 61, 151

iSCAT see interferometric light scattering

microscopy

Ising model 317, 337–​8, 397

isopropyl-​β-​D-​thio-​galactoside see

IPTG

isothermal titration calorimetry see ITC

isotropic emissions 66, 131

ITC 302

Jablonski diagram 64, 141

Jarzynski equality 357

Joule–​Thompson effect 189

Jurkat cells see immortal cells

Kappa squared factor see dipole

orientation factor

KDE see kernel density estimation

Kelvin probe microscopy 212

Kernel density estimation 372

Kerr effect see two-​photon absorption

K-​means 399

Knudsen cell 290

Köhler illumination 73

Kolmogorov equation see Smoluchowski

equation

Kramers theory 328, 357

Kratky–​Porod model see Wormlike chain

Kuhn length 386

lab-​on-​a-​chip 287, 291, 301, 410, 416–​17,

421, 432

label-​free methods 124, 143, 150–​1, 153–​4

Lac operon 277–​8

LacI 99–​101, 277–​9, 311

Laguerre–​Gaussian beam 221

lambda DNA 5

lambda phage 270, 274

laminar flow 207, 288, 293–​4, 300, 312,

365

Langevin dynamics 332

Langevin equation 216, 332, 350

Langevin force 49, 217–​18, 254, 260, 332

lanthanides 86

Larmor frequency 184

laser dark field see dark field microscopy

laser diffraction 255

laser-​induced optoacoustic spectroscopy

69

laser microsurgery 308

laser tweezers see optical tweezers

lateral spatial resolution 123, 126, 169, 236

Laue method 177

LD 66

LeapFrog algorithm 318

Lennard-​Jones potential 50, 55, 234,

320–​4, 329, 348

leucine zipper 113, 118

level-​broadening effect 424

Levinthal’s paradox 357

light sheet microscopy 143, 272, 380

LINAC 175

linear accelerator see LINAC

linear dichroism see LD

lipid vesicle 20, 253, 383–​4

liposomes 25, 275, 412

liquid crystals 75, 186, 206

localization microscopy 114–​20, 124–​6,

135, 209, 215, 352, 371, 388, 399

lock-​in amplifier 242

logic gates 414